menu_book Anatomy • 8 min read

Facial Fat and Aging: Compartment Anatomy

How does facial fat change with age? Compartments, deflation vs ptosis, and treatment implications. Essential anatomy for natural results.

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Dr. Roberio Brandao

Creator of Modern Face

Updated December 17, 2024

Beyond “Volume Loss”

It’s common to hear that facial aging is caused by “volume loss.” This is partially true, but dramatically simplified. The reality is more complex — and understanding it makes the difference between effective treatment and artificial results. Facial fat is organized into distinct compartments, separated by fibrous septa. Each compartment ages differently: some atrophy (lose volume), others descend by gravity (ptosis), and some herniate through weakened structures.

“The most common mistake is treating all facial aging as ‘lack of volume’. Sometimes the problem isn’t lack — it’s that the volume is in the wrong place.”

  • — Dr. Robério Brandão

The Main Compartments

Location: With aging: )) }

Deflation vs Ptosis: Crucial Distinction

Deflation (Atrophy)

Fat actually decreases in volume. The compartment “empties”.

  • • Hollow temples
  • • Tear troughs from SOOF loss
  • • Flattened cheekbones Treatment: Volume replacement

Ptosis (Descent)

Fat didn’t disappear — it descended to a lower position.

  • • Deep nasolabial fold
  • • Jowl
  • • Marionette lines Treatment: Repositioning (lifting)

⚠️ Common Error

Treating ptosis with filler. If malar fat descended (creating deep nasolabial fold), adding more volume doesn’t solve it — just creates a “swollen” face that still looks aged. The correct approach is to reposition (elevate) the ptosed fat.

Treatment Implications

Endomidface

Repositions ptosed malar fat back to youthful position over the zygoma. Corrects the cause of nasolabial fold, not just camouflages it.

Selective Filling

Ideal for compartments that truly atrophied: temples, medial periorbital region, lips. Small volumes, precisely positioned.

Combined Approach

Often the ideal: lifting to reposition ptosis + selective filling to replace volume in areas of true atrophy.

Frequently Asked Questions

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SMAS Anatomy

Learn about the structural layer that supports facial fat.

Retaining Ligaments

Understanding the anchors of facial tissue.

Nasolabial Fold

Specific approaches for correcting the middle third.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Does facial fat decrease with age?

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Yes and no. Some compartments atrophy (lose volume), like temporal and deep malar fat. Others appear to increase because they descend (ptosis), like nasolabial fat. It's a combination of deflation and redistribution.

What are facial fat compartments?

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Facial fat isn't a single mass — it's divided into compartments separated by fibrous septa. Each compartment ages differently (atrophy, ptosis or herniation), creating characteristic aging patterns.

Why does the nasolabial fold deepen?

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Mainly from malar fat ptosis. The fat that was over the zygoma descends and accumulates over the fold, deepening it. It's not just volume loss — it's redistribution by gravity and loss of ligamentous support.

Does filler resolve fat loss?

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Partially. Filler can replace lost volume, but doesn't correct ptosis. If fat descended (didn't disappear), adding more volume can create a 'swollen' appearance. The ideal often combines repositioning (lifting) with selective volume.

What is the buccal fat ball?

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It's a deep fat pad in the cheek, between masseter and buccinator. Historically removed to thin the face, today bichectomy is controversial as it may accelerate aged appearance. Bichat's fat can contribute to jowl when it descends.

Why do temples hollow with age?

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Superficial temporal fat atrophies significantly with aging. Combined with temporal muscle atrophy, it creates characteristic 'sunken' temples. Filling this area can significantly rejuvenate.

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